With the transfer of rural labor force, the province, workers, cost-effective rapeseed "free deep-cultivation" direct broadcast of new high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques have been favored by farmers, has been promoted in Sheqi County, Henan Province and showed an increasing trend year by year. After large-scale tests and demonstrations, it is proved that the application of this technology can save 60 to 80 yuan more than seedlings transplanted after deep plowing, while the yield per unit of production increases by 6% to 10% after transplanting.
The technical points of "free deep plowing" of rapeseed are described as follows: Generally, high quality, high yield, low rapeseed varieties such as Zhongfu No.5, Zhongshuang No.6, Yuyou No.4, and Low Zaza No.1 are selected for improved varieties. Proper early sowing is the precondition for high yield and stable production of live rape. According to the experiment, the suitable sowing date for rapeseed in general oil fields is from late September to October 15 and no later than October 20. The best sowing date is from September 25 to October 10, and the sowing yield after October 15th. Showing a downward trend. After harvesting, the pods are harvested immediately and slanted. After weeding the weeds, they can be sowed. Sowing in late September, the sowing rate is 0.2-0.25 kilograms per mu, and the number of seedlings is between 0.9 and 10,000 per mu; in early October, 0.3-0.4 kilograms per mu are planted. .2 thousand strains.
Seeding method: artificial seeding or mechanical seeding, promotion of extension drilling, the average spacing of 40 to 50 cm, is conducive to improving the air and light and nitrogen in the field during the latter period of the ability to facilitate field operations such as pest control. The specific method is to sow seedlings with 6 to 7 kg of uniform nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium each containing 15% of a ternary compound fertilizer. Such as mechanical drilling, seed fertilizer can only use compound fertilizer, but also requires a small granulation, sowing as uniform as possible, no seedlings after emergence. After timely sowing of the "no deep ploughing" biologic rapeseed sowing, it is possible to spray "free deep plowing" soil biological preparations, use 200 to 300 grams of "free deep plowing" biological conditioning agent, and evenly spray 45 to 100 kilograms of water on the ground. In the case of lameness, the soil can be loosened by 15 to 45 centimeters for a period of 10 to 45 days, and the maximum depth can reach 80 centimeters. It can promote the well-developed roots of live rapeseeds, the deep roots of the main roots, and the ability to grow rapidly, flourish, drought-resistance, locust-resistance, cold-resistance and lodging-resistance. The peasants called "no deep ploughing" as "a deep cultivator that does not burn oil and an invisible storage tank." The principle of scientific fertilization for "free-deep ploughing" of direct-seeded rapeseed is "a full-scale basal fertilizer, with a light and early dressing, and a wax fertilizer with phosphorus. Potassium and boron." Before planting Mushi high-quality organic fertilizer 3000 kg, 5 to 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea, potassium chloride 10 kg, spread into the ground surface. Lightly Miao Fei, Mu 250 ~ 500 kilograms of manure dung 3 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of borax pouring again. Wax fertilizer is generally applied in advance in mid-December, covering the seedling surface with warm semi-ripe organic fertilizer or grass ash, and applying seedling roots. Due to poor early growth and weak root development in double-low rapeseed, management should promote early-onset seedling growth and strong seedling overwintering as the main target. In combination with cultivator, 45% of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied to 10 kg and be buried in shallow roots. Heart, its depth to cover no rhizomes, shallow cover heart and leaves is appropriate. Pest control seedling stage focus on the control of aphids, cabbage caterpillar, can choose pollution-free biological pesticide Sheng Zhifeng insecticide 1 # 2500 ~ 3000 times for prevention and treatment.
In prevention and control, we adhere to the strategy of “grasping the appropriate period, taking the initiative, and using the medicine twice in the flowering period”. Specifically, at the beginning of flowering, when the main stem is about 25% in flowering, it is generally in late March. The mu is used with 1 or 600 times 70% methyl thiophanate-methyl, or 0.1% alizarin 481 lactone. 7500 times liquid spray, can also be used 35% sclerotin light 75 ~ 100 grams or 25% of the 50 grams of cream 50 ml, 50 kg of water spray, spray it again every other week, control effectiveness up to 95% to achieve disease prevention, Granulation, weight gain triple effect.
