Cultivation Techniques in Cucumber Cultivation

(1) Strong seedlings The standard calendar seedling age is 30 to 50 days, plant height 18 to 20 cm, true leaf 4 to 6 pieces, thick stems, short internodes, complete cotyledon, true leaf hypertrophy and large leaf area, well-developed root systems, and white roots Much hairy, there are flower clusters or female flower buds appearing among the leaves, no pests and diseases.
(2) Technical key 1 seed processing. Use hot water hot-spotting or chemical disinfection.
2 Determine the appropriate sowing date and sowing amount. The method of determining the sowing date of cucumber is similar to that of tomatoes and other vegetables. It depends on the colonization period and seedling age. The average temperature of about 15°C is the optimum period for planting in open field, 12°C is the suitable period for planting with small arch sheds, 9°C is the period for planting unheated sheds, and greenhouses and warming greenhouses can be planted earlier. Soilless seedlings and summer seedlings should also be significantly shortened. The electrothermal hotbed directly seeds 50-80 grams per square meter sowing seeds, depending on the size of the seedling trays for sowing. Generally calculated by 80 to 90 grams per square meter.
3 Scientific seedbed management. Cucumber seedlings are easy to grow, and they have the potential to grow from seedlings to seedlings. The weak light, high night temperature, and high humidity are the main reasons for being leggy. At the same time, the sexual differentiation of flowers takes place during the seedling stage of cucumber, and the sexual differentiation of flowers is greatly affected by environmental conditions. Therefore, creating suitable environmental conditions is one of the keys to nurturing strong seedlings.
Temperature management: Seedling temperature (temperature) management standards refer to the "basic techniques of nursery" section, ground temperature to 24 ~ 25 °C as the best. The emergence of the cotyledon to the true leaf is the most prolonged period of time. At this time, the ground temperature and temperature should be lowered, and the ground temperature should be reduced to about 18°C. The temperature should drop to 20-25°C during the day and 13-15°C during the night. If the nighttime temperature exceeds 17°C, the seedlings will be easy to grow. In the seedling stage, it is sunny daytime at 25°C, nighttime at 15°C to 16°C, and ground temperature at 18°C. If it is rainy during the day, the nighttime temperature should be kept at 12-13°C, but it must not be lower than 10°C. Growth below 10°C is seriously affected, even Frozen death; at the same time the night temperature can not be too high, the night temperature is too high, nighttime respiratory consumption is too large, nutrition accumulation is too little, affect the flower bud differentiation, female flower formation and seedling growth.
Cucumbers are hi-light crops. Seedlings have a light saturation point of 30,000 to 50,000 lux. Suitable illumination is most beneficial to female flower differentiation at 8 hours per day. In order to improve the light intensity between the leaves, the principle of no shading between the leaves should be used between the strains. In order to make full use of the light, coverings such as grass curtains in the greenhouse should be removed as soon as possible during the day, whether it is sunny or rainy, so that the seedlings can be fully illuminated. Where conditions permit, it is necessary to make up more than 3000 lux when the light is insufficient, and the effective period of light compensation is 3 to 4 hours before sunrise.
Water and fertilizer management: The water requirement of cucumber seedlings is not very strict. In the case of adequate light, sufficient water and suitable temperature can promote the seedlings to grow robustly. If it is under high night temperature and low light conditions, sufficient water will often cause leggy, and female flowers will form late and less. Therefore, cucumber seedlings watering depends on the seedlings, and rainy days under the electric heating conditions should not be watered. Experience has shown that the morphology of cotyledons or true leaves can be used as the basis for proper management of fertilizers and water. The cotyledons are small and light in color, their leaf margins are white, and the cotyledons are rewinded upwards, which is a manifestation of insufficient nutrients. The cotyledons are small and dark in color, and when they are severe, they are yellow at the tip, which is a manifestation of excessive fertilizer and lack of water. The dark leaves, slow growth, lack of luster, and uneven foliage are the signs of water shortage. The leaves are large, the leaves are pale, and they grow fast. The leaves are thin and the bristles on the leaves are soft, which is a manifestation of excess water. In the morning, there are water droplets on the tip and leaf margin of the true leaves, which is a normal expression of soil moisture.
Transfer seedlings: Cucumbers are suitable for explanting cotyledons to flattening stage. It is better to move the seedlings once.
Scaling seedlings: gradually increase the amount of ventilation 15 days before planting for hardening seedlings, the ground temperature can be reduced to 15 °C, the nighttime temperature can be reduced to 10 °C.
(3) Grafting Seedling Cucumber Grafting and raising seedlings Rootstocks are mainly selected from black-skin squash, southern anvil 1 (Liaoning) and Tuzu squash (Japan). Grafting methods mainly rely on, cut and plug. Rootstocks and scions spread out from the cotyledon flat to the first true leaf revealing the optimum grafting age. As for the calendar seedling age of rootstock and scion, it depends on the appropriate degree of environmental conditions for nursery. Grafting method is different, the age of seedlings also have some differences. The method of seeding does not require strict seedling age. Rootstock seedlings and scion seedlings are fully developed from the cotyledon to the first true leaf leaf. The cutting method is suitable for smaller seedling ages. Rootstocks and scion seedlings are fully developed in the cotyledon to the first true leaf to reveal suitable for grafting. The plug-in method requires a relatively large seedling age. Rootstock seedlings spread from the first true leaf to fully flattened, and the scionling seedlings fully expanded from the cotyledon to the first true leaf flattening. The grafting effect was best. When you are grafting, you need to be steady, fast, accurate, and successful.
The survival rate of cucumber grafted seedlings is not only related to grafting technology, but also closely related to the management of grafted seedlings. After 5 to 6 days after grafting, the environmental conditions must maintain 95% to 100% relative humidity. Temperature during the day 25 ~ 26 °C, 18 ~ 20 °C at night is appropriate. The light requirements are appropriate, astigmatism is given within 5 days after grafting, and it should be strengthened day by day. Actual management also needs to pay attention to the relationship between temperature, humidity, and light.
(4) Summer frost-raising period The southern region has a long frost-free period, and cucumbers can be cultivated in an open field for about 8 months. By using different varieties and using different cultivation methods, it can be cultivated throughout the year. The Yangtze River Basin can be planted 3 to 4 times a year, and South China can be planted 4 to 5 times a year. The summer and autumn sowing time is: the late summer in the Yangtze River valley in late May to mid-June, the late autumn in late July to early August; summer in southern China from April to June, autumn in August to September, and winter in early October .
Since the sowing season of summer and autumn cucumber meets the summer and autumn high temperature season, and cucumber is a plant that cannot tolerate transplanting, therefore, summer and autumn cucumbers can generally be broadcast live without breeding. Seed disinfection and soaking and germination before sowing. Sowing seedlings needs to be combined with measures such as shading, cooling, and anti-torrential rain. After the sowing, the soil was kept moist, and about 15 days after sowing, the seedlings grew 4 leaves to weaken the seedlings, leaving a strong seedling for each hole.