1 hemp fiber
1.1 Definition and classification of hemp (1)
The Xinhua Dictionary is defined as follows: herbaceous plants, many types, such as hemp, ramie, flax, and nettle. The bark fiber is also commonly called "hemp" and can be used to make ropes and woven fabrics.
1.2 Definition of hemp fiber [2]
Cannabis is a perennial herb of the genus Hemp, English name hemp, Latin name CannabisSalival. Also known as hemp, cold hemp, line hemp, fire hemp, etc., English is hemp, the variety of about 150, generally can be divided into fiber, oil and medicinal cannabis.
1.3 Main features of cannabis
Cannabis is China's native hemp, has good natural growth and is easy to grow. In particular, the cannabis variety in Northeast China is one of the best varieties in the world. Hemp fiber is the environmental fiber with the highest toughness and natural decomposition in natural fiber. It has a history of 5,000 years in China. The excellent indicators of hemp fiber are higher than cotton, linen and ramie, and are the best textile raw materials. Its excellent features are as follows:
Antibacterial and deodorant - Cannabis textiles retain and adsorb cannabinols that kill and inhibit bacteria, so they have anti-mold, antibacterial and deodorizing effects. After testing, cotton fabrics have antibacterial and deodorant properties of 0%, flax is 70%, and cannabis. The fabric is more than 90%.
Moisture wicking - The center of the hemp fiber has a slender cavity that is connected to many cracks and small holes distributed on the surface of the fiber. The excellent capillary effect makes the hemp fiber moisture wicking and breathable, making it comfortable and cool. .
Heat-resistant sound insulation - Hemp fiber has good heat resistance and sound insulation, and can withstand the high temperature above 370 °C (3).
Lightfast and anticorrosive - Hemp fiber has good light fastness, good seawater corrosion resistance and is durable.
High antistatic property - the molecular structure of hemp fiber is stable, the orientation of the molecular arrangement is good, and the ability to generate static electricity is extremely low. Hemp textiles avoid static build-up and do not pilling and absorbing dust due to friction.
The anti-ultraviolet effect is good - the cross-section of hemp fiber is irregular triangle, polygon, etc. The molecular structure is multi-ribular, loose, and has spiral lines, so it has no tingling, and has good UV and sound waves. Dissipation effect.
Strong mechanical and physical properties - hemp fiber has good mechanical and physical properties, its fineness and high strength, but the fiber breaking strength is better than linen, lower than ramie, spinning according to the linen process, theoretically the number of cannabis fiber can be spun It is thinner than linen and flax. Therefore, if we further increase the spinning fineness of hemp fiber, it will make hemp textiles a strong competitor for linen textiles.
2 Domestic and foreign standards on hemp fiber (4)
2.1 Chinese Standard
GB/T18147.1-2008 "Calculation method of hemp fiber part 1 - Test method for oil content", GB/T18147.2-2008 "Test method for residual fiber rate of part 2 of hemp fiber test method", GB/T18147.3-2000 "Citrus fiber test method Part 3 length test method", GB/T18147.4-2000 "Cannabis fiber test method Part 4 fineness test method", GB/T18147.5-2000 "Cannabis fiber test method part 5 fracture Strength test method》
GB/T18147.6-2000 "Hazard fiber test method Part 6 defect test method", GB/T16984-2008 "Cannabis original hemp", FZ / T32011-2009 "hemp yarn", FZ/T33012-2009 "marijuana color cloth 》, DB53/295.2—2009 “Industrial Cannabis Seed Quality”.
2.2 German standard
DIN60100-1976 "Cannabis yarn"
2.3 French Standard
NFEN1261—1995 “General Cannabis Rope”
2.4 Russian standards
ΓΟСТР9993—74 “Short Cannabis”
ΓΟСТР10379-76 "Net Cannabis Technical Conditions"
ΓΟСТР483—75 Hemp Rope
ΓΟСТР5107—70 “Linen and hemp joints and twisted soft rope”
ΓΟСТР11914—86 “Technical Conditions for Hemp Wire Rope”
ΓΟСТР7563—73 “Line, Hemp Fiber Transportation, Storage, Packaging, Logo”
2.5 Korean Standard
KSK0319-1985 "Method for Cannabis Identification"
KSK4400-1982 "Test methods for flax, hemp and ramie yarns"
Judging from the number of domestic and foreign standards retrieved from above, the number and coverage of cannabis standards in China are relatively large and comprehensive, and the Russian hemp rope product standards are also relatively comprehensive. However, in general, the test methods and product technical standards for hemp fiber are not sound enough, especially in printing and dyeing, knitting, yarn-dyed products and so on. This may be related to the early application of hemp fiber in the military field and in the need for confidentiality. However, with the in-depth development of civilian products, the space for further research and development of more standards is still quite large. I hope relevant departments and relevant engineering and technical personnel will take active actions to improve the standards of hemp fiber and its products as soon as possible and accelerate product development. Work hard.
3 application of hemp fiber
3.1 Military applications
(1) Emergency product development
In the 1970s, the Sino-Vietnamese border war was still awkward. Due to the special geographical location and the humid climate, many officers and men suffer from diseases such as athlete's foot, femoral hernia and rotten sputum, which greatly reduced the combat effectiveness of the troops. Under the great attention of the Central Military Commission, after a lot of meticulous research, hemp fiber was quickly included in the development object with its unique performance. The military research institute timely developed and produced socks with antibacterial and deodorizing functions, high-waist training shoes, underwear and other products to the front line, and quickly solved the problem of officers and soldiers.
(2) Special military uniform development
Military uniforms have strict requirements in terms of type, drape, insulation, comfort and functionality. Dresses and uniforms need to be quite expanded; training suits need to be waterproof, windproof, insect proof, sunscreen, antibacterial, strong wear-resistant, anti-infrared, flame retardant, etc.; the missile force's clothing should be acid-proof, alkali-proof, anti-biochemical, radiation-proof; pilot The clothing must be resistant to load, etc. All of these advantages of hemp fiber can be met.
(3) Special military product development
Using hemp stalk core powder as raw material, it can produce a new generation of wood bulletproof ceramic with high protection and light weight; cannabis electromagnetic shielding plate can be used for electronic information shielding of command post; high-efficiency carbon adsorption material made of hemp rod can be used to make high-grade gas mask Cannabis kernel protein can be extracted from the remaining seed meal after cannabis seed oil extraction, which can be used to produce high nutritional value combat rations; cannabis seed biodiesel is tested by millions of kilometers of tank engines and ground vehicles, and proves to be the current military diesel index Basically consistent, it can meet the requirements of the military's energy diversification. In addition, China has successfully developed a new type of flame retardant fiber based on hemp stalk core adhesive for special military products.
"Our army is the first army in the world to use hemp fiber!" (5) An authoritative expert of a military research institute once proudly said. I believe that in the future, our military will inevitably be inseparable from marijuana. The marijuana will help our army to freely shuttle through space and travel the ocean by itself!
3.2 Development of civil textiles
(1) Ropes (6)
Hemp fiber may be the earliest fiber used in human history. The archaeological discovery of Taiwan archaeologists: clay pots decorated with hemp ropes 8000 BC, one of the earliest records of hemp fiber use in history. Another discovery of the oldest cannabis archaeology is the large pieces of linen found in 8000 BC before the discovery of CatalHayuk (present-day in Turkey) in Mesopotamia. Linen was not applied until 3,500 BC, and cotton was planted in 2500 BC. It can be seen that marijuana is thousands of years later than these fibers. No one knows which genius first twisted the hemp rod, or which genius found that twisting several hemp rods together would increase its strength, but these innovations have created a long history of cannabis cultivation and production. The ropes made from hemp are strong and durable, especially on the maritime, making marijuana a world-famous one. The world's first one to make ropes is also the early grower of the world's cannabis - South Russia. Their first planting of cannabis began in the seventh century BC. About 200 BC, the ancient Greek Hieron II introduced marijuana from France to make marine ropes. Later, the United Kingdom also discovered the advantages of hemp ropes. It began to grow marijuana in 400 AD.
Due to the enormous contribution of hemp ropes to navigation, the cultivation and production of cannabis has become more important. By the year 1000 AD, the Italian fleet was dominated by the use of hemp ropes, and Venice was known for its high quality hemp fibres and ropes.
(2) Hemp fabric
The history of human hemp fabrics has been at least 2,400 years, but the style of linen has changed dramatically in the fashion. Cannabis can be purely spun, or blended with cotton, silk, wool, Tencel and chemical fiber. The woven product has good drape and antistatic properties. The product is crisp, style is chic, moisture-absorbing and breathable, and it is cool and not close to the body. In addition, hemp textiles also have the incomparable advantages of other textiles such as anti-mildew, anti-ultraviolet radiation, anti-corrosion, sound insulation, and durability.
3.3 Cannabis products
(1) Knitted underwear
Underwear is a garment that comes into direct contact with human skin and is known as the “second skin of the human body”. With the improvement of living standards and the awareness of health and environmental protection, people's requirements for underwear and apparel are also constantly improving. Therefore, underwear with good comfort, functionality, and health care is increasingly favored by people. While hemp fiber has good comfort, it also has excellent anti-mildew and anti-bacteria, nourishing and nourishing functions, and can also avoid the feeling of acupuncture caused by static electricity.
(2) Summer T-shirt
Because hemp fiber has good moisture permeability, fast heat dissipation, good drape, antistatic, UV protection, soft and smooth, and no tingling, so in the hot summer, wearing marijuana clothing, it will not feel like wearing chemical fiber. The fabric is so hot, and it doesn't feel like the feeling of stickiness when wearing cotton, silk and other natural raw materials, but it feels cool and cool. It also prevents various diseases caused by excessive ultraviolet radiation.
(3) denim clothing
The traditional denim fabric is made of cotton yarn. The addition of hemp fiber can improve the quality of the denim, and make the denim garment more adaptable and functional. The denim denim clothing style is rough, feels comfortable, and the shape is crisp. Moisture absorbing and breathable. It overcomes the defects of cotton cowboys' boring, poor air permeability, and has a rare key-protecting function.
(4) Bedding
Cannabis health mats, hemp health care blankets, marijuana health sheets, hemp pillows, etc., in addition to the characteristics of fine and smooth, natural color, moisture absorption, comfortable and comfortable body, more importantly, it also has anti-mildew, anti-odor, anti-corrosion, moisturizing Special health care function for muscle nourishing.
(5) Health seat cushions, seat covers
Because hemp fabric has the characteristics of moisture absorption, fast heat dissipation and good air permeability, even in the hot summer, the hemp seat cushion does not need to add bamboo mat, it can make people feel comfortable and comfortable, and has anti-mildew and antibacterial properties. Flame retardant effect is the first choice for high-end cars and sofa covers.
(6) shoes, insoles, hemp cotton socks
Wearing such products not only makes people feel comfortable, but also effectively prevents the occurrence of foot disease. This is mainly due to the anti-mold and antibacterial properties of hemp fiber, moisture absorption and ventilation, and the ability to drain and deodorize.
(7) Interior decoration
Living in the downtown area, people want a quiet working and living space. Hemp textiles are widely used for interior decoration because of their excellent sound absorption and sound insulation. Another important advantage of marijuana for interior decoration is the ability to adjust the temperature and humidity of the room, just like a natural green air conditioner. Thereby, providing a healthy and comfortable space for people living in it.
(8) Clothing with special functions such as sun protection and steelmaking
Cannabis textiles are not only high in sun protection, but also resistant to high temperatures of 370 ° C, and they are strong and wear-resistant, so they can be used to make special clothing such as sun protection clothing and steel-making clothing.
3.4 Future development of cannabis textiles
(1) We should vigorously develop blended products of cannabis and various natural fibers and new fibers.
At present, the silk and linen interlaced yarn independently developed by Chinese enterprises has a silky luster and feel on the front side, and the marijuana texture on the reverse side. It successfully combines the advantages of silk fabrics and hemp textiles and has strong competitiveness in the international market. In addition, the fabrics of marijuana Lycra stretch fabric, marijuana Tencel fiber, cannabis Modal fiber, and hemp summer fiber have their own characteristics. Through the effective fusion of fibers and complementary advantages, they better reflect their respective characteristics.
(2) Vigorously develop high-quality pure hemp products
Hemp fabrics and their garments have become the best choice for consumers with their natural comfort and unique health care performance, especially the rich texture of marijuana fashion, which gives people a sense of harmony and thus becomes a hot spot in the development trend of clothing. Among them, high-purity pure-spun varieties are the most popular, such as high-purity pure hemp wet-spun fabrics, hemp color yarns and other products.
(3) Vigorously develop hemp knitting products and hemp decorative textiles
The production process of knitwear is short and fast, suitable for small batch and multi-variety production. These features make the application of hemp knitwear extremely broad. Hemp knitwear can give full play to the excellent characteristics and style of fiber, and overcome the hemp with its knitting coil structure. The shortcomings of textiles are easy to wrinkle. In addition, the consumption of decorative textiles at home and abroad is also growing rapidly, accounting for about 30% of the total textiles, and the price is higher, and the development prospects are better. The marijuana ornament will definitely add new highlights to the decoration industry with its excellent sound absorption, sound insulation and temperature and humidity adjustment.
4 prospects
In China, the development and application of hemp fiber products have basically completed the testing process of fiber, spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing and garments. Using the latest environmentally friendly production technology, the hemp fiber can reach 2000-3500, which can fully meet the spinning use. Hemp yarn is now available in batch spinning 20S, 32S, 40S, 45S, 50S, and the cotton/cotton 50/50 blended yarn has reached 80S. In terms of cannabis civilian products, there are more than 20 varieties of shirts, suits, leisure, camouflage, double-sided cloth, high-density high-density cloth, fashion, bed decoration, T-shirts and socks, which basically cover the needs of the textile market. Variety, but due to many factors such as price, style, etc., it is necessary to make efforts to enter the ordinary people's life.
Hemp textiles have the characteristics of good ecological textiles. Their color is light and elegant, natural and simple, with unique style and delicate touch. Under the illumination of the light, there is an indescribable noble charm, which fully reflects the elegance of natural fibers. In today's consumer tide of "returning to nature, returning to nature".
